DAF27BZ02-NV014 — Quantum Sensing Analyzer

Investigate and validate the feasibility of developing a novel quantum-based sensing technology utilizing Rydberg atomic sensors as an ultra-wideband universal measurement standard for electromagnetic systems. Demonstrate the potential of these sensors in a calibrated and highly sensitive universal measurement standard to enhance radar, electronic warfare, and antenna characterization.

The “Quantum Sensing Analyzer” project aims to address critical limitations in existing electromagnetic measurement technologies by developing a novel quantum-based sensing capability utilizing Rydberg atomic sensors. These sensors, leveraging quantum properties, exhibit extraordinary sensitivity and accuracy over a widespread frequency spectrum ranging from DC to 1 THz, with potential scalability to even broader ranges. This initiative is designed to modernize and standardize test and evaluation processes within the Department of Defense (DoD), particularly benefiting the Benefield Anechoic Facility (BAF) and its mission to support advanced electromagnetic system testing. Problem Statement and Opportunity: Current electromagnetic measurement techniques rely on diverse and complex instruments, which introduce inefficiencies, inconsistencies, and increased costs for the acquisition, testing, and integration of modern radar systems, electronic warfare platforms, communication systems, and antennas. These existing systems also face challenges in maintaining accuracy and repeatability, particularly when evaluating performance across a wide range of radio frequencies or within controlled environments like anechoic chambers. The introduction of Rydberg sensor technology represents a disruptive opportunity to establish a universal, high-precision, SI-traceable standard for electromagnetic measurements. By adopting a single, compact, and adaptable sensor for diverse measurement tasks—including spectrum analysis, field strength monitoring, and chamber characterization—this capability promises to significantly reduce infrastructure requirements, simplify operational workflows, and enhance confidence in test data accuracy. Project Objectives: ● Develop and validate a proof-of-concept Rydberg-based quantum sensing system capable of performing highly accurate and repeatable electromagnetic measurements across 1.5 MHz to 40 GHz. ● Demonstrate the ability of the sensor to serve as a universal measurement standard for radar, electronic warfare, communication systems, and antenna evaluation. ● Establish enhanced chamber characterization capabilities, including electromagnetic leakage detection, direction finding, near-field measurement, reflection mitigation, and quiet zone mapping, to improve the testing environment quality. ● Progress the technology readiness level (TRL) from TRL 2 at project initiation to TRL 6 by the conclusion of Phase II. Required Efforts and Phase Activities: Phase I: ● Perform a comprehensive feasibility study to assess the applicability of Rydberg atomic sensors as a universal electromagnetic measurement standard. ● Evaluate the sensors’ technical attributes, including sensitivity (targeting sub-microvolt/meter thresholds), dynamic range, and bandwidth. ● Identify potential integration challenges with existing test facilities and systems, particularly those used in the BAF. ● Deliverables: Feasibility study report detailing technical analyses, identified challenges, and potential solutions; preliminary system design for a prototype quantum sensing analyzer. Phase II: ● Develop, fabricate, and demonstrate a functional prototype of the Rydberg-based quantum sensing system, incorporating key findings from Phase I. ● Conduct extensive testing and validation of the prototype in operationally relevant environments, including the BAF, with emphasis on precision, SI-traceability, and repeatability of electromagnetic measurements. ● Integrate the system into existing DoD testing workflows, showcasing improvements in efficiency, reduced equipment requirements, and testing performance. ● Deliverables: Fully operational prototype, detailed test and evaluation report, system integration plan, and transition strategy for scaling and deployment within the DoD. Desired Outcome: The successful development of a Quantum Sensing Analyzer will revolutionize the DoD’s electromagnetic measurement and testing capabilities by delivering a single, universal, quantum-enabled sensing standard. This solution will eliminate the need for multiple specialized instruments, streamline developmental and operational testing, and significantly enhance test accuracy and repeatability. Furthermore, the technology will address critical modernization priorities, such as advancing quantum science and enabling operationally focused Advanced Battle Management Systems (ABMS). This effort aligns with the Air Force’s strategic goals to improve mission readiness, accelerate technology deployment to the warfighter, and invest in cutting-edge testing capabilities that sustain innovation and technical superiority in defense systems.

Phase I will assess the feasibility of Rydberg sensors for precise electromagnetic measurements (1.5 MHz–40 GHz). Goals include evaluating sensitivity, bandwidth, and range while addressing DoD test needs. Deliverables: technical feasibility analysis, preliminary design, and simulated performance data to validate the sensors’ potential as a scalable, SI-traceable measurement standard for advanced defense applications.

Phase II focuses on developing, integrating, and testing a Rydberg-based quantum sensing prototype for 1.5 MHz–40 GHz electromagnetic measurement. Deliverables include a tested SI-traceable system demonstrating dynamic range, ultra-wideband operation, noise-level performance, operational integration, and resilience to interference. Success is defined by achieving TRL 6, validating accuracy, scalability, and compatibility with DoD testing environments such as BAF, and enabling future operational deployment.

Phase III will advance the TRL 6 prototype Quantum Sensing Analyzer to TRL 8+ with non-SBIR funding, integrating it for operational assessments at BAF and other DoD labs. The system will support electromagnetic testing (1.5 MHz–40 GHz) for radar, EW, and communication systems. Commercial uses include electromagnetic compliance testing and telecommunications. Transition involves DAF partners, certifications, training, and infrastructure development for deployment.